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Wallis devised a 9,000 lb (4,100 kg) bomb (more accurately, a mine) in the shape of a cylinder, equivalent to a very large depth charge armed with a hydrostatic fuse, designed to be given a backspin of 500 rpm.

Wallis realized that a much smaller explosive charge would suffice if it exploded against the dam wall under the water but German reservoir dams were protected by heavy torpedo nets to prevent an explosive device from travelling through the water. No bomber aircraft was capable of flying at such an altitude or of carrying such a heavy bomb and although Wallis proposed the six-engined Victory Bomber for this purpose this was rejected. At first, Wallis wanted to drop a 10 long tons (22,000 lb 10,000 kg) bomb from an altitude of about 40,000 ft (12,000 m), part of the earthquake bomb concept. Wallis had worked on the Vickers Wellesley and Vickers Wellington bombers and while working on the Vickers Windsor, he had also begun work, with Admiralty support, on an anti-shipping bomb, although dam destruction was soon considered. The mission grew out of a concept for a bomb designed by Barnes Wallis, assistant chief designer at Vickers. Despite rapid repairs by the Germans, production did not return to normal until September. An estimated 1,600 civilians – about 600 Germans and 1,000 enslaved labourers, mainly Soviet – were killed by the flooding. Factories and mines were also damaged and destroyed. Two hydroelectric power stations were destroyed and several more damaged. The Möhne and Edersee dams were breached, causing catastrophic flooding of the Ruhr valley and of villages in the Eder valley the Sorpe Dam sustained only minor damage. Operation Chastise, commonly known as the Dambusters Raid, was an attack on German dams carried out on the night of 16/ by 617 Squadron RAF Bomber Command, later called the Dam Busters, using special ' bouncing bombs' developed by Barnes Wallis.

1,000 prisoners and slave labourers, mainly Soviet) Eder, Möhne and Sorpe (Röhr) rivers, Germany

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